Izingcezu Zobuciko ezivela ku-HyperCard

Ikhanvasi Yedijithali: Ukukhumbula I-HyperCard

Esimeni sekhompuyutha yomuntu siqu, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbalwa ezithwebule umoya wokudala njengeHyperCard yakwa-Apple. Yethulwa ngo-1987 kuMacintosh, kwakungelona nje uhlelo; kwakuyindawo yonke yamathuba aqukethwe ku-floppy disk. Yandulela i-World Wide Web kodwa yabelana nge-DNA yayo yefilosofi: uhlelo lokuxhumanisa izingcezu zolwazi ndawonye. Abasebenzisi bangakha "izitaki" "zamakhadi" asebenzisanayo, umbhalo oxubile, ihluzo, nemibhalo elula. Esizukulwaneni sabadali, i-HyperCard yaba ukunambitheka kokuqala kokugunyazwa kwedijithali, ithuluzi elenza intando yeningi ukudalwa kwesofthiwe kudala ngaphambi kokuthi "ikhodi ephansi" ibe yizwi. Umthelela wayo uzwakala kumathuluzi ebhizinisi anamuhla, okusikhumbuza ukuthi amasistimu anamandla kakhulu ngokuvamile yilawo anika abasebenzisi amandla okwakha okuthile okungokwabo ngokukhethekile.

Ngaphezulu Kunesizindalwazi: Ifilosofi Yokunqwabelanisa

Ubuhlakani be-HyperCard ilele ngesingathekiso sayo esilula kodwa esijulile. Cabanga nge-Rolodex esikrinini sakho, lapho ikhadi ngalinye lingabamba khona ulwazi oluhlukile—umbhalo, izithombe, izinkinobho—futhi lixhunywe namanye. Le modeli "yesitaki" ibinembile. Ungakha ibhuku leresiphi, isilandeleli sephrojekthi, noma indaba esebenzisanayo kalula nje. Ulimi lokuhlela oluyisisekelo, i-HyperTalk, belufundeka ngokudumile, kusetshenziswa imiyalo efana nesiNgisi esilula, njengokuthi "ku-mouseUp" noma "iya ekhadini elilandelayo." Lokhu kwehlisa umgoqo ekungeneni, kumema othisha, abaculi, nabathanda ukuzilibazisa ukuthi babe ngabathuthukisi. Le filosofi yokunika amandla abasebenzisi ngokusebenzisa amabhulokhi wokwakha anembile, ajwayelekile kuwumgomo osebenza ngokujulile nezinkundla zesimanje ezifana ne-Mewayz, ezihlose ukwenza inqubo yebhizinisi eyinkimbinkimbi ifinyeleleke kubo bonke.

Inkundla yokudlala yamaphayona

Ngaphambi kokuthi i-inthanethi ibe usizo lwasendlini, izitaki ze-HyperCard beziwumthombo oyinhloko wokusungula nokwabelana ngedijithali. Yaba inkundla yokudlala engalindelekile yamaphayona. I-Myst, omunye wemidlalo ye-PC ethengiswa kakhulu ngeminyaka yawo-1990s, yaqala ukwenziwa ku-HyperCard. Abathuthukisi bayisebenzisele ukuhlekisa ngokusebenzelana kwesoftware. Abaculi bakhe amaculo asebenzisanayo. Kodwa umthelela wayo wedlula ukuzijabulisa; bekuyithuluzi elibalulekile lezemfundo, elivumela abafundi nothisha ukuthi bakhe izinto zokufunda ezisebenzisanayo. Isiko lokwabelana nokuhlanganisa kabusha izitaki kukhuthaze umphakathi onempilo, isandulela sezinto eziphilayo zanamuhla ezinomthombo ovulekile kanye nokukhiqizwa komsebenzisi. Lo moya wokwakha ngokubambisana yiwo amasistimu wokusebenza wesimanje alwela ukuwuhlakulela.

"I-HyperCard ibiyithuluzi ngempela lokukhulisa umcabango. Inikeze abantu indlela yokuhlela ulwazi ngendlela enengqondo kubo, bese bebelana ngalezo zinhlangano nabanye. Bekumayelana nokwakha awakho amathuluzi." - Owake waba ngumthandi weHyperCard.

Kusuka kuzitaki ze-HyperCard kuye kumamojula we-Mewayz

Ifa le-HyperCard alikho kukhodi ebiqhutshwa ngayo, kodwa emibonweni eyalitshala. Kufakazele ukuthi abangewona abenzi bezinhlelo bangakwazi futhi kufanele bakwazi ukuzakhela izixazululo zabo zedijithali. Namuhla, sibona leli fa ekukhuphukeni kwezinkundla ezinekhodi ephansi kanye nezingenayo ikhodi ebeka kuqala ukuguquguquka kanye ne-ejensi yomsebenzisi. I-Mewayz, njenge-OS yebhizinisi eyimojuli, ithwala le toshi iye phambili. Njengoba nje abasebenzisi be-HyperCard behlanganise izinhlelo zokusebenza emakhadini asebenziseka kabusha nemibhalo, i-Mewayz ivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi akhe umgogodla wawo wokusebenza ngamamojula axhumene.

• Ukusebenza Okwenziwa Ngokwezifiso: Njengokuxhumanisa amakhadi kusitaki, amamojula e-Mewayz angaxhunywa ndawonye ukuze adale ukugeleza komsebenzi okuzenzakalelayo kokuthengisa, ukusekela, noma ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi.
• Idizayini Emaphakathi Nomsebenzisi: Zombili izinkundla zibeka phambili isixhumi esibonakalayo esinembile esingadingi ubuchwepheshe obujulile, okubeka amandla okudala ezandleni zomsebenzisi ngokuqondile.
• Izisekelo Eziguqukayo: Izitaki ze-HyperCard zavela ngezidingo zabadali bazo. Ngokufanayo, isistimu ye-Mewayz yakhelwe ukuthi ikhule futhi ivumelane nezimo kalula njengezikali nezinguquko zebhizinisi.

Ngenkathi i-HyperCard bekuyithuluzi lokucabanga komuntu ngamunye, izinkundla zesimanje ezifana ne-Mewayz zikala lowo mgomo wokunika amandla zonke izinhlangano. Umgomo uhlala ufana: ukuhlinzeka ngesisekelo esivumelana nezimo ukuze ugxile kulokho okubaluleke kakhulu—okuqukethwe kwakho, amakhasimende akho, kanye nengqondo yebhizinisi lakho eliyingqayizivele—ngaphandle kokucindezelwa isofthiwe eqinile, engekho eshalofini. "Izingcezu zobuciko" ze-HyperCard ziphila, hhayi ngokulangazelela, kodwa ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwamathuluzi akholelwa ukuthi umsebenzisi ungumsunguli omkhulu kunabo bonke.