Woxi: Wolfram Mathematica Reimplementation in Rust

Utshintsho lomhlwa luyeza kwiKhompyutha yezeNzululwazi-Kwaye lonke ishishini kufuneka lithathele ingqalelo

Xa umphuhlisi ethe cwaka eqalisa ukubuyisela enye yeenjini zokubala ezinamandla kwezakha zakhiwa - iWolfram Mathematica - eRust, ibonisa into enkulu kakhulu kuneprojekthi yokuzonwabisa. I-Woxi, inzame evulelekileyo yokuphinda iphinde ikwazi ukubala okufuziselayo kweMathematica eRust, imele inguqu yentanda-bulumko enyakazela kuzo zonke iikona zesoftware yehlabathi: ingcamango yokuba izixhobo ezinamandla akufuneki zitshixelwe ngasemva kweelayisensi zexabiso eliphezulu, nokuba iilwimi zale mihla zokucwangcisa zinokuzisa ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko olungenakuze lukwazi. Kumashishini axhomekeke kwimibalo-umsebenzi onzima, iidashbhodi zohlalutyo, kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo eziqhutywa yidatha, le ntshukumo ineempembelelo ezinzulu.

I-Wolfram Mathematica yongamele ukubala okuphawulweyo ukusukela ngo-1988, iyalela imirhumo yelayisensi enokufikelela kwi-3,695 yeedola ngonyaka kwisihlalo sobungcali. Phantse kumashumi amane eminyaka, abaphandi, iinjineli, kunye noososayensi bedatha bamkele le ndleko njengexabiso lokungena. Kodwa isizukulwana esitsha sabaphuhlisi siyabuza: kuthekani ukuba bekunganyanzelekanga ukuba senze njalo? Kwaye kuthekani ukuba utshintshiselwano belu kamsinya?

Kutheni iRust Isiba lulwimi lokuQalisa kwakhona

Umhlwa uye wavela njengolwimi olukhethwayo kubaphuhlisi abafuna ukuphinda bakhe isiseko sesoftware ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu. Iqale yaphuhliswa eMozilla kwaye yafikelela kwinguqulelo 1.0 ngo-2015, iRust ngoku ikwinqanaba lolona lwimi luncomekayo lwenkqubo kunyaka wesibhozo olandelelanayo kwisaveyi yomphuhlisi weStack Overflow, ngaphezulu kwe87% yabaphuhlisi abavakalisa umnqweno wokuqhubeka beyisebenzisa. Isibheno sayo silele kwindibaniselwano eyodwa: ukusebenza ekrwada kwe-C kunye ne-C++ kunye neziqinisekiso zokhuseleko kwimemori ezisusa zonke iindidi zeempazamo ngexesha lokudibanisa.

Le ayiyothiyori. Iiprojekthi ezinkulu sele zibonakalise ukusebenza kweRust njengenjini yokutshintsha. I-Servo (i-injini yesikhangeli), iDeno (enye yeNode.js), kunye neenxalenye zeLinux kernel ngoku zisebenzisa iRust. Ukutsalwa kwexabiso elinguziro kulwimi kuthetha ukuba umgangatho ophezulu, ikhowudi efundekayo iqulunqa ukuya kutsho kwimiyalelo yomatshini ekhuphisana nesandla C. Kwiprojekthi efana neWoxi — efuna ukusingatha ialgebra yomfuziselo, icalculus, uthelekiso lwepateni, nokubala kwamanani — Umhlwa unika isilingi yokusebenza efunekayo ngaphandle kokuncama imveliso yomphuhlisi.

Ipateni ebanzi ayinampazamo. Abaphuhlisi babhala ngokucwangcisiweyo iziseko ezingundoqo kwi-Rust: ripgrep endaweni ye-grep, fd indawo yokufumana, bat endaweni yekati, kunye ne-exa endaweni ye-ls. Ngalo lonke ixesha, inguqulelo yeRust yazisa ukusebenza okungcono ngokulinganayo kunye namava aphezulu omsebenzisi. I-Woxi ijonge ukwenza okufanayo kwimathematika yomfuziselo — elona thagethi lizimiseleyo okwangoku.

Elona Ndleko lokwenyani lokuTshixa koBunini kuShishino

Iprojekthi yeWoxi ikhanyisela ingxaki enabela ngaphaya kwezemfundo. Kuwo onke amashishini, amashishini ahlawula umrhumo ophindaphindiweyo wesoftware yobunini elawula ukuhamba komsebenzi okubalulekileyo. Umzi-mveliso wobunjineli obuphakathi unokuchitha i-$50,000 ngonyaka kwiilayisensi zeMathematika kuphela. Yongeza iMATLAB ($860/ngonyaka ngomsebenzisi ngamnye), amaqonga okuhlalutya akhethekileyo, iinkqubo zeCRM ezihlawulisa isitulo ngasinye, kunye nezixhobo ze-invoyisi ezinemirhumo yentengiselwano, kunye neendleko zizonke zesoftware yobunini zinokutya i-15-25% yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwenkampani.

Ixabiso elifihliweyo likhulu ngakumbi: ukutshixa umthengisi. Xa iimodeli zakho zemali zihlala ngaphakathi kwifomathi yobunini, xa idatha yomthengi wakho ivaleleke kwiCRM evaliweyo, xa imbali yakho ye-invoyisi ayinakuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngokucocekileyo - unikezele ulawulo lweshishini lakho kwimephu yendlela yomnye umntu kunye nezigqibo zamaxabiso. Uphando lweWolfram lunokunyusa amaxabiso, luyeke ukusebenza, okanye lutshintshe imiqathango yelayisenisi, kwaye izigidi zabasebenzisi azinancedo.

Le nto kanye kutheni intshukumo yomthombo ovulekileyo ihlala ifumana amandla. Iiprojekthi ezifana neWoxi azikho malunga nokugcina imali kuphela - zimalunga nolongamo kwizixhobo zakho kunye nedatha. Ifilosofi efanayo iqhuba amaqonga afana neMewayz, edibanisa iimodyuli ze-207 zoshishino - ukusuka kwi-CRM kunye ne-invoyisi yokuhlawula, i-HR, ulawulo lweenqwelo, kunye nohlalutyo - kwinkqubo enye yemodyuli ene-free-forever tier. Xa amashishini ephethe isitakhi sawo sokusebenza endaweni yokusirenta nje kancinci, azuza zombini ukuba bhetyebhetye kwezemali kunye nokuzimela ngokwesicwangciso.

Yintoni eyenza ukuba i-Reimplementing Mathematica ibe lula ngobuGcisa

Ukuxabisa into eyenziwa nguWoxi, kufuneka uqonde ukuba yintoni kanye eyenziwa yiMathematica. Asiyonto yokubala nje. I-Mathematica iquka ulwimi olupheleleyo lokuprograma (uLwimi lweWolfram), i-injini yokubala engumfuziselo ekwaziyo ukulawula iintetho zealjebra, isicombululi samanani, inkqubo yokubona, kunye nesiseko solwazi esineetriliyoni zamanqaku edatha. UStephen Wolfram uchithe ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 kunye namakhulu ezigidi zeedola ukuyakha.

Ukuqinisekisa nokuba iseti esezantsi yalo msebenzi kufuna ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi ezicela umngeni:

• Injini yokulinganisa iPattern: Ulwimi lweWolfram lusebenzisa inkqubo entsonkothileyo yokuthelekisa iipateni ehamba kakhulu ngaphaya kwentetho eqhelekileyo, eyenza uguquko kwiimpawu zemathematika ezingumfuziselo
• I-algebra yophawu: Ukwenza lula amabinzana, ukulinganisa iipolynomials, kunye nokwenza ukuhlanganiswa komfuziselo kufuna ukuphumeza amashumi eminyaka yophando lwemathematika kwifomu ye-algorithmic
• I-Arbitrary precision arithmetic: I-Mathematica inokubala ukuya kwizigidi zeendawo zedesimali, ifuna umboniso wamanani alungiselelweyo agqitha kwindawo eqhelekileyo edadayo
• Uvandlakanyo olonqena kunye nemithi yokubonisa: Yonke imodeli yokubala yohluke kakhulu kwiprogram yesiqhelo, ifuna umhlalutyi wesiqhelo
• Ujongano lwencwadi yamanqaku: ifomathi yonxibelelwano ye-Mathematica idibanisa ikhowudi, imveliso, umbhalo, kunye nemizobo ngendlela yokuba kungabikho i-IDE ephindaphindwayo

Iprojekthi yeWoxi ijongana nale miceli mngeni ngokuthe kratya, iqala ngovandlakanyo lwentetha engundoqo kunye nongqamaniso lwepateni phambi kolwakhiwo olusingise kwisitaki esipheleleyo sokubala. Iingxoxo zakwangoko noluntu ziqaqambisa uchulumanco kunye nokuthandabuza okunempilo - ukuhlaziya iMathematika ngokupheleleyo kunokuthatha iminyaka, ukuba akunjalo. Kodwa nokuphunyezwa ngokuyinxenye okubandakanya i-80% yeemeko zokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kunokusebenzela izigidi zabasebenzisi abangenakho ukufikelela ngoku kuguqulelo lobunikazi.

Izifundo kulo lonke udidi lweSoftwe: IModularity iyaphumelela

Esinye sezona zigqibo zinomdla wokwakha kwiiprojekthi ezifana neWoxi lugxininiso kwimodyuli. Kunokuba kwakhiwe isicelo se-monolithic esizama ukwenza yonke into ngaxeshanye, ii-reimplementations zanamhlanje zaphula ukusebenza zibe ngamacandelo anokudityaniswa. Ngaba ufuna ialgebra yokomfuziselo kodwa hayi umbono? Thatha ngaphandle loo modyuli. Ngaba ufuna ukubalwa kwamanani ngaphandle kwexesha elipheleleyo lolwimi? Leyo yikhreyithi eyahlukileyo (igama lomhlwa lethala leencwadi).

Ikamva lesoftware yeshishini ayisosixhobo esinye esenza yonke into — yinkqubo yeemodyuli apho icandelo ngalinye lisebenza kunye ngaphandle komthungo, kodwa ngalinye linokuzimela lodwa. Iinkampani ezikuqondayo oku ziyakuchitha imali encinci, zihambe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ziziqhelanise ngokulula kunezo zibotshelelwe kumaqonga elifa le-monolithic.

Le filosofi yemodyuli izibonakalise kuyo yonke imbonakalo yesoftware. Kwi-ecosystem ye-JavaScript, utshintsho olusuka kwi-monolithic frameworks njengejQuery ukuya kwimodyuli yezixhobo ezifana neepakethe ze-npm eziguqule uphuhliso lwewebhu. Kwiziseko zelifu, i-microservices ithathe indawo ye-monoliths. Kwimisebenzi yoshishino, inguqu efanayo iyaqhubeka. Kunokuba uhlawule i-Salesforce (i-$ 300 / umsebenzisi / inyanga ye-Enterprise), i-invoyisi eyahlukileyo (i-$ 50 / inyanga), iqonga le-HR elizimeleyo (i-$ 8 / umsebenzisi / inyanga), kunye nenkqubo yokucwangcisa (i-$ 25 / ngenyanga), amashishini acinga phambili amkela iiplatifti zemodyuli ezidibeneyo.

Mewayz yakhiwe phezu kwalo mgaqo. Iimodyuli zayo ze-207 - ezithatha i-CRM, i-invoyisi, i-payroll, ulawulo lwe-HR, ukulandelela izithuthi, iinkqubo zokubhuka, amaphepha e-link-in-bio, kunye nohlalutyo oluphambili - ukwabelana ngoluhlu lwedatha oluqhelekileyo ngelixa lihlala lisebenza ngokuzimeleyo. Umntu osebenzelayo unokusebenzisa kuphela i-invoyisi kunye neemodyuli zekhonkco kwi-bio. Inkampani yabantu abangama-50 inokuvula iCRM, iHR, intlawulo, kunye nohlalutyo. Uyilo lolwakhiwo lubonisa into eyenziwa nguWoxi kwikhompuyutha yemathematika: yakha amaqhekeza anokuhlanganiseka asebenza ngcono kunye kunokuba ahlukane.

I-Open-Source Economics eyenza oku kwenzeke

Umbuzo ovela rhoqo kwiingxoxo malunga neeprojekthi ezifana neWoxi luzinzo. Ukuba uphando lweWolfram luqesha amakhulu abaphuhlisi kwaye luhlawulisa amawaka ngelayisenisi nganye, ingakhuphisana njani iprojekthi enomthombo ovulekileyo oqhutywa luluntu? Impendulo ixhomekeke ekuqondeni ukuba uqoqosho lwemithombo evulelekileyo luye lwavela njani kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.

Okokuqala, izixhobo ezifumanekayo kubaphuhlisi bemithombo evulekileyo ngo-2026 zinamandla kakhulu kuneminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo. Izixhobo zekhowudi ezincediswa yi-AI zinokukhawulezisa uphuhliso nge-30-55% ngokwezifundo ezivela kwi-GitHub kunye noMcKinsey. Umqokeleli weRust ubamba zonke iindidi zeempazamo ngaphambi kokuba zifikelele kwimveliso, ukunciphisa ixesha lokulungisa. Imibhobho yamafu CI/CD iqhuba iimvavanyo ngokuzenzekelayo. Umphuhlisi onobuchule omnye onezixhobo zale mihla unokuvelisa iziphumo ebezifuna ngaphambili iqela labahlanu.

Okwesibini, imodeli yeshishini evulelekileyo ibonakalise ukuba iyasebenza kwiinkampani ezininzi eziphumeleleyo. I-GitLab (exabisa ngaphezulu kwe-8 yeebhiliyoni zeedola), i-Elastic, iRedis, kunye neGrafana zonke zibonelela ngeecores ezivulekileyo zasimahla ezineempawu zeprimiyamu kubathengi beshishini. I-Woxi inokuthi ekugqibeleni ilandele le modeli-ukubalwa kwasimahla komfuziselo kuye wonke umntu, ngenkxaso yeprimiyamu, iincwadana zamanqaku ezibanjwe, okanye ukudityaniswa kweshishini ukwenza ingeniso. Oku kuyafana nendlela iMewayz ibonelela ngayo ngesicwangciso sasimahla sanaphakade esigubungela iimodyuli ezibalulekileyo zoshishino ngelixa i-premium tiers (i-$ 19-49 / ngenyanga) ivula i-automation ephezulu, iimpawu ze-AI, kunye nenkxaso ephambili kumaqela akhulayo.

Isiphumo yi-positive-sum dynamic. Abasebenzisi bafumana izixhobo ezinamandla ngexabiso eliphantsi. Abaphuhlisi bakha isidima kwaye ngamanye amaxesha amashishini azinzileyo. I-ecosystem iyonke iba nokhuphiswano ngakumbi kwaye ibe nezinto ezintsha. I-Wolfram Mathematica ayisayi kunyamalala - inobungcali obunzulu kunye nesiseko esithembekileyo sabasebenzisi - kodwa ubukho bezinye iindlela ezivulekileyo bunyanzelela amaxabiso angcono kunye nokuveliswa okukhawulezileyo kwabo bakwizikhundla.

Kuthetha ukuthini oku kuShishino oluqhutywa ngeDatha ngo-2026

Ukudibana kweendlela ezininzi - uhlengahlengiso olusekwe ngumhlwa, ulwakhiwo lwesoftware yemodyuli, uzinzo oluvulelekileyo, kunye nophuhliso oluncediswa yi-AI - luhlengahlengisa oko amashishini afanele akulindele kwizixhobo zabo. Nokuba uqhuba i-arhente yabantu aba-5 okanye ishishini labantu abangama-500, iimpembelelo ezintathu zobuchule ziyavela.

Okokuqala, umgangatho wexabiso lesoftware enamandla uyehla ukuya kuthi ga kwiqanda. Izixhobo eziyalele iilayisenisi zonyaka ezinamanani amane kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo ngoku zineendlela ezizezinye zasimahla ezingama-90% ezinokubakho. Oku akuthethi ukuba simahla ihlala iphumelela - izixhobo ezihlawulelwayo zihlala zibonelela ngenkxaso engcono, udibaniso, kunye nepolishe - kodwa kuthetha ukuba amashishini anokhetho lokwenyani. Vavanya istaki sesoftware yakho yangoku kwaye uchonge apho uhlawula khona amaxabiso eprimiyamu ngokusebenza kwempahla yorhwebo.

Okwesibini, intsebenziswano ibaluleke ngaphezu komgangatho wesixhobo ngasinye. Injini yokuhlalutya engenamandla kancinane edibanisa ngokwemveli neCRM yakho, i-invoyisi, kunye neenkqubo ze-HR ziya kuhambisa ixabiso leshishini elingaphezulu kunesona sixhobo siphezulu esizimelayo esifuna ukuthunyelwa kwedatha ngesandla. Yiyo loo nto amaqonga adibanisa imisebenzi emininzi yeshishini - ukuphatha yonke into ukusuka kulawulo lwabathengi ukuya kubhatala kwinkqubo enye edityanisiweyo - afumana ukwamkelwa okukhawulezayo phakathi kwamashishini amancinci naphakathi.

Okwesithathu, ukubheja kuluntu, hayi iinkampani kuphela. Iiprojekthi ezifana ne-Woxi zibonisa ukuba uluntu olunomdla oluphuhlisayo lunokujongana neengxaki xa kucingwa ukuba zifuna izixhobo zeshishini. Xa uvavanya izixhobo, jonga udlamko loluntu olubangqongileyo. Amaqonga eengxoxo asebenzayo, uhlaziyo oluthe rhoqo, abalondolozi abaphendulayo, kunye nokubalwa kwabaxhasi abakhulayo yimiqondiso eyomeleleyo yokusebenza kwexesha elide kunohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwentengiso yenkampani enye.

Ukuphunyezwa kwakhona kweWolfram Mathematica eRust kunokubonakala njengebali lobuchule elibalulekileyo. Kodwa sondeza ngaphandle, kwaye ityhila amandla asisiseko ahlengahlengisa yonke isoftware yeshishini: iibhithi ezivulekileyo ezivaliweyo, iimodyuli zokubethelwa kwe-monolithic, kwaye ezona zixhobo zibalaseleyo zezo zikunika amandla ngaphandle kokuthatha inkululeko yakho. Nokuba usebenzisa ii-invoyisi zomfuziselo okanye uthumela i-invoyisi elandelayo, lo mgaqo usebenza ngokulinganayo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Yintoni iWoxi kwaye kutheni ibalulekile?

I-Woxi yiprojekthi yomthombo ovulekileyo exhasa kwakhona injini yokubala yomfuziselo kaWolfram Mathematica eRust. Ibalulekile kuba ijolise ekufikeleleni kwidemokhrasi kwizixhobo ezinamandla zekhompuyutha zenzululwazi ebezitshixelwe ngokwesiqhelo emva kweelayisensi zorhwebo ezibiza imali eninzi. Ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza kukaRust kunye neziqinisekiso zokhuseleko lwenkumbulo, i-Woxi inokunikezela ngesantya esikufutshane nesomthonyama sokubala ngelixa ihlala ifumaneka ngokukhululekileyo kubaphandi, abafundi, kunye namashishini kwihlabathi liphela.

Kutheni iRust ilukhetho olulungileyo lokuqalisa kwakhona iMathematica?

I-Rust inikezela ngee-abstractions zero-zero, ukhuseleko lwememori ngaphandle kokuqokelela inkunkuma, kunye nokusebenza okungaqhelekanga okukhuphisana no-C kunye ne-C ++. Ezi mpawu ziyenza ilungele imisebenzi enzima yokubala njengealjebra yomfuziselo, uhlalutyo lwamanani, kunye nongqamaniso lwepateni. Inkqubo yohlobo oluluqilima lweRust ikwanceda ekuthinteleni zonke iindidi zeempazamo ngexesha loqulunqo, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu kwisoftware yenzululwazi apho ukuchaneka kungaxoxiswana kwaye iimpazamo zinokusasazeka ngokuthe cwaka ngokubalo.

Ingaba luncedo njani izixhobo zekhompuyutha zenzululwazi kumashishini?

Ezinye iindlela ezivulelekileyo ezifana ne-Woxi zinokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zelayisensi yesoftware ngelixa unika amaqela ulawulo olupheleleyo phezu kokuhamba komsebenzi wawo wokubala. Amashishini aqhuba uhlalutyo lwedatha, imodeli yezemali, okanye ukulinganisa ubunjineli banokudibanisa ezi zixhobo ngokuthe ngqo kwimisebenzi yabo. Amaqonga afana Mewayz, kunye ne-OS yayo ye-207-modyuli yeshishini iqala kwi-$19/mo, ibonisa ukuba zifikeleleka njani, zonke izixhobo-ezinye zilungisa kwakhona indlela iinkampani zangoku ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngaba iWoxi ingakwazi ukuthatha indawo ngokupheleleyo iWolfram Mathematica namhlanje?

Okwangoku. I-Woxi isekumanqanaba ayo okuqala kwaye igubungela kuphela iseti esezantsi yokusebenza kweMathematica, ebandakanya amawaka emisebenzi eyakhelweyo ephuhliswe kumashumi eminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, umkhondo wale projekthi uyathembisa, kwaye igalelo loluntu liyalukhawulezisa uphuhliso. Kwimisebenzi emininzi eqhelekileyo yomfuziselo yokubala, iWoxi sele ibonisa ukusebenza okukhuphisanayo, kwaye ubume bayo bomthombo ovulekileyo buthetha ukuba nabani na unokufaka isandla kwiimpawu ezilahlekileyo okanye izandiso zesizinda esithile.