Isikhangeli sikaSmalltalk: Ayinakubethwa, kodwa ayonelanga

Ilifa elingapheliyo lamandla angenakuthelekiswa nanto

Kumhlaba wophuhliso lwesoftware, zimbalwa izixhobo ezifumene iwonga elidumileyo lebhrawuza yeSmalltalk. Wazalwa ngo-1970 eXerox PARC, yayingengomhleli wekhowudi kuphela; yayiyeyona ndlela iphambili yokujongana nendalo ephilayo nephefumlayo yezinto. Kubaphuhlisi abasebenza ngaphakathi kwemekobume ye-Smalltalk, isikhangeli sasiyifestile ababejonga ngayo, baqonda, kwaye baphatha ngayo yonke inkqubo. Uyilo lwayo lwalulutshintsho kuba lwaludityaniswe nzulu kunye nefilosofi engundoqo yolwimi: yonke into yinto, kwaye ikhowudi ihlelwe kwiiklasi eziphilayo kunye neendlela. Kumashumi eminyaka kamva, imigaqo yesikhangeli se-Smalltalk ibonakala kuyo yonke i-IDE yanamhlanje, ukusuka kubahambi beeklasi ze-IntelliJ ukuya kwizinto ezihlola izinto zePython. Ibiyiyo, kwaye ngeendlela ezininzi ihleli, iyipharadaym engenakoyiswa yenkqubo esulungekileyo ejolise kwinto.

Kutheni iSmalltalk Browser Sihlala singabethwa

Ingcaphephe yesikhangeli seSmalltalk ilele ngokulula kunye nokuthe ngqo. Ibonise icodebase hayi njengengqokelela engatshintshiyo yeefayile ezibhaliweyo kumthi wolawulo, kodwa njengolawulo oluguqukayo lwezinto eziphilayo. Abaphuhlisi baza kujonga kwiindidi zeeklasi, emva koko bakhethe iklasi ukuze babone iindlela zayo, ezihlelwa ngokodidi (umzekelo vs. iklasi). Lo mbono wento-centric unciphise kakhulu umthwalo wokuqonda wokulawula iinkqubo ezinzima. Ubungahleli nje ifayile ebizwa `InvoiceProcessor.java`; Ubusebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo nodidi lwe `InvoiceProcessor` neendlela zayo zokuziphatha. Isikhangeli "sasiphila" -unokuyiguqula ikhowudi, uyiqokelele ngoko nangoko, kwaye uyivavanye ngaphandle kokushiya okusingqongileyo. Le ngxelo ibambeneyo idale uluvo olulodwa lokukhohlisa ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuba abahleli befayile basokole ukuphindaphinda.

• I-Object-Centric Navigation: Ikhowudi yahlelwa ngeklasi kunye nendlela, kungekhona ngeendlela zefayile ezingabonakaliyo, izibuko zesakhiwo seprogram ngokwayo.
• Imeko-bume ephilayo: Utshintsho luqulunqwe lwaza lwadityaniswa kwinkqubo yokusebenza ngokukhawuleza, ivumela uvavanyo olukhawulezayo kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo.
• Ukufaniswa: Yonke imeko-bume yophuhliso, kubandakanywa nesikhangeli ngokwayo, yakhiwe kwi-Smalltalk kwaye inokuhlolwa kwaye ilungiswe ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifanayo.
• Ubulula: I-interface yayicoceke ngokuphawulekayo kwaye igxininise kwimisebenzi ephambili yokubhala kunye nekhowudi yokulungelelanisa.

I-"Ayonelanga" kwiMisebenzi yoShishino lwale mihla

Ngaphandle kokuqaqamba kwayo kuphuhliso lwesoftware esulungekileyo, imekobume yeSmalltalk yayiyindalo yonke etywiniweyo. Yayilihlabathi elilungiselelwe ukuba abadwelisi benkqubo bakhe kwaye bagcine inkqubo yesoftware. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yanamhlanje yeshishini ifuna okungaphezulu kunomhleli wekhowudi yehlabathi. Ishishini liyinto enezinto ezininzi ezibandakanya ulawulo lweprojekthi, intsebenziswano yamaxwebhu, unxibelelwano, ulawulo lobudlelwane bomthengi, kunye nenkqubo yokuzenzekelayo. Isikhangeli se-Smalltalk, esinamandla njengoko sasinjalo, sinikezela ngezixhobo zemveli zomphathi weprojekthi ukulandelela i-sprint, kumthengisi ukuhlaziya isikhokelo, okanye ukuba umlawuli abonise ukuhamba komsebenzi. Yayisisixhobo esigqibeleleyo kwisizinda sayo esithile, kodwa yayingeloqonga lokuqhuba ishishini lonke.

"Imeko ye-Smalltalk yayiyi-cathedral yabaprogram, kodwa ishishini lifuna isixeko esixakekileyo, esidibeneyo apho wonke umntu unezixhobo ezifunekayo ukusebenzisana."

Ukusuka kwiKhowudi yoMkhangeli ukuya kwiModyuli yeShishini OS

Apha kulapho inguquko yeengqikelelo ezinamandla ifumana intetho yayo entsha kumaqonga afana ne-Mewayz. Siyaqonda ukuba ikamva alikho malunga nokudala indawo enye, i-monolithic, kodwa malunga nokwakha inkqubo yokusebenza yemodyuli yeshishini lakho. Khawufane ucinge amandla ebhrawuza ye-Smalltalk-amandla okubona kunye nokulawula izinto eziphilayo-kodwa isetyenziswe kuwo wonke umba wenkampani yakho. Endaweni yeeklasi kunye neendlela kuphela, unezinto zoshishino eziphilayo: IiProjekthi, Imisebenzi, abaxhasi, kunye nee-invoyisi.

I-Mewayz ithatha umgaqo-siseko wembono edibeneyo, into-centric kwaye iyandise ngaphaya kwekhowudi. Iqela lakho linokunxibelelana nezinto ezifanayo ezingundoqo zoshishino ngokusebenzisa iilensi ezahlukeneyo: umphathi weprojekthi ubona itshathi yeGantt, umphuhlisi ubona iindawo zokugcina ikhowudi ezidityanisiweyo, kwaye ummeli wenkxaso ubona imbali yetikiti lomxumi. Oku kudala uhlobo olufanayo lokuhambelana kunye nokunciphisa umthwalo wokuqonda ukuba isiphequluli se-Smalltalk sinikeze abaphuhlisi, kodwa kwinqanaba lenkampani ngokubanzi. Ukumodareyitha kuthetha ukuba unokudibanisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo esele zithandwa liqela lakho, uqinisekisa ukuba amandla enkqubo emanyeneyo awabizi ngexabiso lokuguquguquka.

Isiphelo: Ukwakha phezu kweSiseko esiyintsomi

I-browser ye-Smalltalk ibiyincutshe yoyilo olugqalileyo, olungenakoyiswa kwinjongo yalo. Ukusikelwa umda kwayo, nangona kunjalo, kuqaqambisa iimfuno zeshishini lanamhlanje ledijithali. Asisakhi nje isoftware; sakha imibutho eguquguqukayo, edibeneyo, kunye nedatha. Ngokwamkela imigaqo ephambili yezinto eziphilayo, iindawo ezidibeneyo, kunye nokuguqulwa ngokuthe ngqo, iiplatifomu ezifana neMewayz zenza isahluko esilandelayo. Imalunga nokwakha ibhrawuza hayi nje ikhowudi yakho, kodwa ishishini lakho lonke, ukunika ingcaciso namandla ebekade ebegcinelwe abadwelisi benkqubo kulo lonke ilungu leqela lakho.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Ilifa elingapheliyo lamandla angenakuthelekiswa nanto

Kumhlaba wophuhliso lwesoftware, zimbalwa izixhobo ezifumene iwonga elidumileyo lebhrawuza yeSmalltalk. Wazalwa ngo-1970 eXerox PARC, yayingengomhleli wekhowudi kuphela; yayiyeyona ndlela iphambili yokujongana nendalo ephilayo nephefumlayo yezinto. Kubaphuhlisi abasebenza ngaphakathi kwemekobume ye-Smalltalk, isikhangeli sasiyifestile ababejonga ngayo, baqonda, kwaye baphatha ngayo yonke inkqubo. Uyilo lwayo lwalulutshintsho kuba lwaludityaniswe nzulu kunye nefilosofi engundoqo yolwimi: yonke into yinto, kwaye ikhowudi ihlelwe kwiiklasi eziphilayo kunye neendlela. Kumashumi eminyaka kamva, imigaqo yesikhangeli se-Smalltalk ibonakala kuyo yonke i-IDE yanamhlanje, ukusuka kubahambi beeklasi ze-IntelliJ ukuya kwizinto ezihlola izinto zePython. Ibiyiyo, kwaye ngeendlela ezininzi ihleli, iyipharadaym engenakoyiswa yenkqubo esulungekileyo ejolise kwinto.

Kutheni iSmalltalk Browser Sihlala singabethwa

Ingcaphephe yesikhangeli seSmalltalk ilele ngokulula kunye nokuthe ngqo. Ibonise icodebase hayi njengengqokelela engatshintshiyo yeefayile ezibhaliweyo kumthi wolawulo, kodwa njengolawulo oluguqukayo lwezinto eziphilayo. Abaphuhlisi baza kujonga kwiindidi zeeklasi, emva koko bakhethe iklasi ukuze babone iindlela zayo, ezihlelwa ngokodidi (umzekelo vs. iklasi). Lo mbono wento-centric unciphise kakhulu umthwalo wokuqonda wokulawula iinkqubo ezinzima. Ubungahleli nje ifayile ebizwa `InvoiceProcessor.java`; Ubusebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo nodidi lwe `InvoiceProcessor` neendlela zayo zokuziphatha. Isikhangeli "sasiphila" -unokuyiguqula ikhowudi, uyiqokelele ngoko nangoko, kwaye uyivavanye ngaphandle kokushiya okusingqongileyo. Le ngxelo ibambeneyo idale uluvo olulodwa lokukhohlisa ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuba abahleli befayile basokole ukuphindaphinda.

I-"Ayonelanga" kwiMisebenzi yoShishino lwale mihla

Ngaphandle kokuqaqamba kwayo kuphuhliso lwesoftware esulungekileyo, imekobume yeSmalltalk yayiyindalo yonke etywiniweyo. Yayilihlabathi elilungiselelwe ukuba abadwelisi benkqubo bakhe kwaye bagcine inkqubo yesoftware. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yanamhlanje yeshishini ifuna okungaphezulu kunomhleli wekhowudi yehlabathi. Ishishini liyinto enezinto ezininzi ezibandakanya ulawulo lweprojekthi, intsebenziswano yamaxwebhu, unxibelelwano, ulawulo lobudlelwane bomthengi, kunye nenkqubo yokuzenzekelayo. Isikhangeli se-Smalltalk, esinamandla njengoko sasinjalo, sinikezela ngezixhobo zemveli zomphathi weprojekthi ukulandelela i-sprint, kumthengisi ukuhlaziya isikhokelo, okanye ukuba umlawuli abonise ukuhamba komsebenzi. Yayisisixhobo esigqibeleleyo kwisizinda sayo esithile, kodwa yayingeloqonga lokuqhuba ishishini lonke.

Ukusuka kwiKhowudi yesikhangeli ukuya kwiModyuli yeShishini OS

Apha kulapho inguquko yeengqikelelo ezinamandla ifumana intetho yayo entsha kumaqonga afana ne-Mewayz. Siyaqonda ukuba ikamva alikho malunga nokudala indawo enye, i-monolithic, kodwa malunga nokwakha inkqubo yokusebenza yemodyuli yeshishini lakho. Khawufane ucinge amandla ebhrawuza ye-Smalltalk-amandla okubona kunye nokulawula izinto eziphilayo-kodwa isetyenziswe kuwo wonke umba wenkampani yakho. Endaweni yeeklasi kunye neendlela kuphela, unezinto zoshishino eziphilayo: IiProjekthi, Imisebenzi, abaxhasi, kunye nee-invoyisi.

Isiphelo: Ukwakha phezu kweSiseko esiyintsomi

I-browser ye-Smalltalk ibiyincutshe yoyilo olugqalileyo, olungenakoyiswa kwinjongo yalo. Ukusikelwa umda kwayo, nangona kunjalo, kuqaqambisa iimfuno zeshishini lanamhlanje ledijithali. Asisakhi nje isoftware; sakha imibutho eguquguqukayo, edibeneyo, kunye nedatha. Ngokwamkela imigaqo ephambili yezinto eziphilayo, iindawo ezidibeneyo, kunye nokuguqulwa ngokuthe ngqo, iiplatifomu ezifana neMewayz zenza isahluko esilandelayo. Imalunga nokwakha ibhrawuza hayi nje ikhowudi yakho, kodwa ishishini lakho lonke, ukunika ingcaciso namandla ebekade ebegcinelwe abadwelisi benkqubo kulo lonke ilungu leqela lakho.