Mucukumbuzi ya Smalltalk: Ntibatsindwa, nyamara ntibihagije

Umurage uhoraho w'imbaraga zidasanzwe

Mubijyanye niterambere rya software, ibikoresho bike byageze kumigani yimigani ya mushakisha ya Smalltalk. Yavutse mu myaka ya za 70 muri Xerox PARC, ntabwo yari umwanditsi wa code gusa; yari intera yibanze kubuzima busanzwe, buhumeka ibintu. Kubateza imbere bakorera mubidukikije bya Smalltalk, mushakisha yari idirishya banyuzemo, basobanukiwe, kandi bayobora sisitemu yose. Igishushanyo cyacyo cyari impinduramatwara kuko cyahujwe cyane na filozofiya yibanze yururimi: buri kintu nikintu, kandi code itunganijwe mubyiciro bizima. Nyuma yimyaka icumi, amahame ya mushakisha ya Smalltalk aragaragara muri buri IDE igezweho, uhereye kubayobora icyiciro cya IntelliJ kugeza kubashakashatsi ba Python. Byari, kandi muburyo bwinshi bisigaye, paradigima idatsindwa kubintu byera-bishingiye kuri porogaramu.

Impamvu Browser ya Smalltalk isigaye idatsinzwe

Ubuhanga bwa mushakisha ya Smalltalk yashyizwe muburyo bworoshye kandi butaziguye. Yerekanye codebase ntabwo ari icyegeranyo gihamye cyamadosiye yinyandiko mububiko, ariko nkurwego rukomeye rwibintu bizima. Abashinzwe iterambere bagendagenda mubyiciro byamasomo, hanyuma bagahitamo icyiciro kugirango babone uburyo bwacyo, bashyizwe muburyo (urugero nurwego). Ikintu-gishingiye kubintu byagabanije cyane umutwaro wubwenge bwo gucunga sisitemu igoye. Ntabwo wari uhinduye gusa dosiye yitwa `InvoiceProcessor.java`; wasangaga uhura neza na "FagitireProcessor" icyiciro nimyitwarire yacyo. Mucukumbuzi nayo yari "muzima" - ushobora guhindura code, kuyikusanya ako kanya, no kuyigerageza utarinze kuva mubidukikije. Uku gusubiramo ibitekerezo gukomeye kwashizeho uburyo budasanzwe bwo gukoresha no guhita abanditsi bashingiye kuri dosiye baharanira kwigana.

• Ibidukikije bizima: Impinduka zakozwe kandi zinjizwa muri sisitemu ikora ako kanya, bituma igerageza ryihuse no gukemura.
• Ubumwe: Ibidukikije byose byiterambere, harimo na mushakisha ubwayo, byubatswe muri Smalltalk kandi birashobora kugenzurwa no guhindurwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bimwe.
• Ubworoherane: Imigaragarire yari ifite isuku idasanzwe kandi yibanze kumirimo yibanze yo kwandika no gutunganya code.

"Ntabwo bihagije" kubikorwa byubucuruzi bugezweho

Nubwo ifite ubuhanga bwo guteza imbere software nziza, ibidukikije bya Smalltalk byari isanzure ifunze. Byari isi yatezimbere kubashinzwe porogaramu kubaka no kubungabunga sisitemu ya software. Nyamara, ibikorwa byubucuruzi bugezweho bisaba byinshi birenze ibyo kurwego rwisi rwandika kode. Ubucuruzi ni ibinyabuzima byinshi birimo imicungire yimishinga, ubufatanye bwinyandiko, itumanaho, imicungire yimikoranire yabakiriya, hamwe nibikorwa byikora. Mucukumbuzi ya Smalltalk, nkimbaraga zayo, ntabwo yatanze ibikoresho kavukire kumuyobozi wumushinga kugirango akurikirane spint, kumugurisha kugirango avugurure icyerekezo, cyangwa umuyobozi mukuru kugirango yerekane akazi. Cyari igikoresho cyiza kumurongo wihariye, ariko ntabwo cyari urubuga rwo kuyobora ubucuruzi bwose.

"Ibidukikije bya Smalltalk byari katedrale yabategura porogaramu, ariko ubucuruzi bukeneye umujyi wuzuye urusaku, uhuza abantu aho buriwese afite ibikoresho agomba gufatanya."

Kuva kuri Code Browser Kuri Modular Business OS

Aha niho ubwihindurize bwibitekerezo bikomeye busanga imvugo nshya mumahuriro nka Mewayz. Twese tuzi ko ejo hazaza atari ugushiraho ibidukikije, monolithic, ahubwo ni ukubaka sisitemu y'imikorere kubucuruzi bwawe. Tekereza imbaraga za mushakisha ya Smalltalk - ubushobozi bwo kubona no gukoresha ibintu bizima - ariko bigakoreshwa mubice byose bya sosiyete yawe. Aho kuba amasomo nuburyo gusa, ufite ibintu byubucuruzi bizima: Imishinga, Inshingano, Abakiriya, na Fagitire.

Mewayz ifata ihame ryuburyo bumwe, bushingiye ku kintu kandi ikarenza code. Ikipe yawe irashobora gukorana nibintu bimwe byingenzi byubucuruzi binyuze mumurongo utandukanye: umuyobozi wumushinga abona imbonerahamwe ya Gantt, uwashizeho imishinga akabona ububiko bwa kode ihujwe, naho umukozi wunganira akabona amateka yamatike yabakiriya. Ibi birema ubwoko bumwe bwo guhuza no kugabanya umutwaro wubwenge mushakisha ya Smalltalk yahaye abitezimbere, ariko kurwego rwisosiyete. Modularity bivuze ko ushobora guhuza ibikoresho byihariye amakipe yawe asanzwe akunda, ukemeza ko imbaraga za sisitemu imwe itaza kubiciro byoroshye.

Umwanzuro: Kubaka kuri Fondasiyo Yumugani

Mucukumbuzi ya Smalltalk yari igihangano cyibishushanyo mbonera, kidatsindwa intego yacyo. Imipaka yayo, ariko, irerekana ibikenewe mubucuruzi bugezweho bwa digitale. Ntabwo dukiri kubaka software gusa; twubaka amashyirahamwe yihuta, ahuriweho, kandi atwarwa namakuru. Mugukurikiza amahame yibanze yibintu bizima, ibidukikije byahujwe, hamwe na manipulation itaziguye, urubuga nka Mewayz rurema igice gikurikira. Nibyerekeye kubaka mushakisha ntabwo ari kode yawe gusa, ahubwo kubucuruzi bwawe bwose, utanga ibisobanuro nimbaraga byahoze bigenewe programmes kuri buri munyamuryango wawe.

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Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

Umurage Uhoraho Wimbaraga Zidasanzwe

Mubijyanye niterambere rya software, ibikoresho bike byageze kumigani yimigani ya mushakisha ya Smalltalk. Yavutse mu myaka ya za 70 muri Xerox PARC, ntabwo yari umwanditsi wa code gusa; yari intera yibanze kubuzima busanzwe, buhumeka ibintu. Kubateza imbere bakorera mubidukikije bya Smalltalk, mushakisha yari idirishya banyuzemo, basobanukiwe, kandi bayobora sisitemu yose. Igishushanyo cyacyo cyari impinduramatwara kuko cyahujwe cyane na filozofiya yibanze yururimi: buri kintu nikintu, kandi code itunganijwe mubyiciro bizima. Nyuma yimyaka icumi, amahame ya mushakisha ya Smalltalk aragaragara muri buri IDE igezweho, uhereye kubayobora icyiciro cya IntelliJ kugeza kubashakashatsi ba Python. Byari, kandi muburyo bwinshi bisigaye, paradigima idatsindwa kubintu byera-bishingiye kuri porogaramu.

Impamvu Browser ya Smalltalk isigaye idatsinzwe

Ubuhanga bwa mushakisha ya Smalltalk yashyizwe muburyo bworoshye kandi butaziguye. Yerekanye codebase ntabwo ari icyegeranyo gihamye cyamadosiye yinyandiko mububiko, ariko nkurwego rukomeye rwibintu bizima. Abashinzwe iterambere bagendagenda mubyiciro byamasomo, hanyuma bagahitamo icyiciro kugirango babone uburyo bwacyo, bashyizwe muburyo (urugero nurwego). Ikintu-gishingiye kubintu byagabanije cyane umutwaro wubwenge bwo gucunga sisitemu igoye. Ntabwo wari uhinduye gusa dosiye yitwa `InvoiceProcessor.java`; wasangaga uhura neza na "FagitireProcessor" icyiciro nimyitwarire yacyo. Mucukumbuzi nayo yari "muzima" - ushobora guhindura code, kuyikusanya ako kanya, no kuyigerageza utarinze kuva mubidukikije. Uku gusubiramo ibitekerezo gukomeye kwashizeho uburyo budasanzwe bwo gukoresha no guhita abanditsi bashingiye kuri dosiye baharanira kwigana.

"Ntabwo bihagije" kubikorwa byubucuruzi bugezweho

Nubwo ifite ubuhanga bwo guteza imbere software nziza, ibidukikije bya Smalltalk byari isanzure ifunze. Byari isi yatezimbere kubashinzwe porogaramu kubaka no kubungabunga sisitemu ya software. Nyamara, ibikorwa byubucuruzi bugezweho bisaba byinshi birenze ibyo kurwego rwisi rwandika kode. Ubucuruzi ni ibinyabuzima byinshi birimo imicungire yimishinga, ubufatanye bwinyandiko, itumanaho, imicungire yimikoranire yabakiriya, hamwe nibikorwa byikora. Mucukumbuzi ya Smalltalk, nkimbaraga zayo, ntabwo yatanze ibikoresho kavukire kumuyobozi wumushinga kugirango akurikirane spint, kumugurisha kugirango avugurure icyerekezo, cyangwa umuyobozi mukuru kugirango yerekane akazi. Cyari igikoresho cyiza kumurongo wihariye, ariko ntabwo cyari urubuga rwo kuyobora ubucuruzi bwose.

Kuva kuri Code Browser Kuri Modular Business OS

Aha niho ubwihindurize bwibitekerezo bikomeye busanga imvugo nshya mumahuriro nka Mewayz. Twese tuzi ko ejo hazaza atari ugushiraho ibidukikije, monolithic, ahubwo ni ukubaka sisitemu y'imikorere kubucuruzi bwawe. Tekereza imbaraga za mushakisha ya Smalltalk - ubushobozi bwo kubona no gukoresha ibintu bizima - ariko bigakoreshwa mubice byose bya sosiyete yawe. Aho kuba amasomo nuburyo gusa, ufite ibintu byubucuruzi bizima: Imishinga, Inshingano, Abakiriya, na Fagitire.

Umwanzuro: Kubaka kuri Fondasiyo Yumugani

Mucukumbuzi ya Smalltalk yari igihangano cyibishushanyo mbonera, kidatsindwa intego yacyo. Imipaka yayo, ariko, irerekana ibikenewe mubucuruzi bugezweho bwa digitale. Ntabwo dukiri kubaka software gusa; twubaka amashyirahamwe yihuta, ahuriweho, kandi atwarwa namakuru. Mugukurikiza amahame yibanze yibintu bizima, ibidukikije byahujwe, hamwe na manipulation itaziguye, urubuga nka Mewayz rurema igice gikurikira. Nibyerekeye kubaka mushakisha ntabwo ari kode yawe gusa, ahubwo kubucuruzi bwawe bwose, utanga ibisobanuro nimbaraga byahoze bigenewe programmes kuri buri munyamuryango wawe.

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