Verified Spec-Driven Development (VSDD)

Chifukwa Chake Mapulojekiti Ambiri Akulepherabe - Ndipo Njira Zomwe Zikusintha

Mu 2024, lipoti la Standish Group la CHAOS lidawulula kuti 31% yokha ya mapulogalamu apulogalamu adamalizidwa munthawi yake komanso mkati mwa bajeti. Otsala 69% adatsutsidwa kapena adalephera. Choyambitsa sichinali oyambitsa oyipa kapena kusakwanira kwandalama - kunali kusamveka bwino. Magulu adapanga zinthu zomwe palibe amene adafunsa, kutumiza ma code omwe amasemphana ndi malamulo abizinesi, ndipo adakhala miyezi yambiri akukonzanso machitidwe omwe adapangidwa mongoganizira m'malo motsimikizika. Verified Spec-Driven Development (VSDD) ndi njira yomwe ikubwera yomwe idapangidwa kuti ithetseretu kusamveka bwinoku, kuwonetsetsa kuti mzere uliwonse wamakhodi umachokera kuzomwe zatsimikiziridwa kale zisanapangidwe.

Mosiyana ndi njira zachitukuko zomwe zimakhazikika ngati zolemba zolembedwa mosasamala zomwe zimachoka pakangotha milungu ingapo, VSDD imawona kuti ndizomwe zingatheke, zoyesedwa, komanso zotsimikiziridwa mosalekeza. Zotsatira zake ndi mapulogalamu omwe amachita ndendende zomwe okhudzidwa amafuna - osatinso, osachepera. Kwa mabizinesi omwe ali ndi njira zovuta zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi ma module ambiri olumikizana, zotulukapo zake zimakhala zosinthika.

Zomwe Zotsimikizika Zoyendetsedwa Mwapadera Zimatanthawuza Chiyani

Pakatikati pake, VSDD ndi njira yaumisiri yokhazikika yomangidwa pazipilala zitatu: kutsimikizika kokhazikika, kutsimikizira kokhazikika, komanso kutsata mosalekeza. Madivelopa akuyamba ndi kulemba mfundo zowerengeka zamakina zomwe sizimangotanthauzira zomwepulogalamuyo ikuyenera kuchita, koma zopinga zenizeni, zongopeka, ndi zosintha zomwe ziyenera kukhala zenizeni pagawo lililonse la kuphedwa. Izi si nkhani zosamveka bwino za ogwiritsa ntchito kapena zofunikira - ndi mapangano okhwima, omveka bwino pakati pa makina ndi omwe akukhudzidwa nawo.

Chigawo "chotsimikizika" ndi chomwe chimasiyanitsa VSDD ndi njira zakale zotsogozedwa. M'malo modalira kuwunika kwa ma code pamanja kapena kuyezetsa pambuyo pake kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikutsatira, VSDD imagwiritsa ntchito zida zotsimikizira zodziwikiratu - kuphatikiza kuyezetsa kotengera katundu, owunika makontrakitala, komanso nthawi zina othandizira umboni - kuti atsimikizire mosalekeza kuti kukhazikitsa kumagwirizana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa. Ngati codeyo ichoka pamtundu wina, chomangacho chimalephera. Zosintha zikasintha, zotsatira za code zomwe zilipo zimawonekera nthawi yomweyo.

Izi zimapanga zomwe akatswiri amazitcha "gwero limodzi la chowonadi" - zofotokozera zidziwitso za kukhazikitsidwa, kukhazikitsidwa kumatsimikiziridwa motsutsana ndi zomwe mukufuna, ndipo kusintha kulikonse komwe kumayambitsa kutsimikiziranso. Kubwerezabwereza ndi mphindi, osati miyezi.

Magawo Asanu a VSDD Workflow

Kutenga VSDD sikutanthauza kutaya zonse zomwe muli nazo. Magulu ambiri amachigwiritsa ntchito ngati chophimba chokhazikika pamwamba pa mayendedwe agile kapena obwerezabwereza. Njirayi imagawidwa m'magawo asanu omwe amapanga unyolo wosasweka kuchokera ku cholinga chabizinesi kupita ku ma code otumizidwa.

1. Special Authoring: Akadaulo abizinesi ndi akatswiri amadomeni amathandizana ndi opanga kulemba zokhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osanjidwa — OpenAPI ya ma API, zithunzi zamakina zamakina a kayendetsedwe ka ntchito, kapena zilankhulo za madomeni enieni (DSLs) pamalingaliro abizinesi. Chilichonse chili ndi zofunikira, zotsatila, ndi zosintha.
2. Kuwunika Mwachindunji ndi Kuyerekeza: Khodi iliyonse isanalembedwe, zowunikira zimafananizidwa ndi zochitika zenizeni. Anthu omwe ali nawo atha "kuyendetsa" ndondomekoyi kuti awone momwe dongosololi lizichitira, kupeza kusamvana kusanakhale nsikidzi zodula.
3. Kukhazikitsa Ndi Kutsimikizira Paintaneti: Madivelopa amalemba khodi yokhala ndi maumboni enieni. Zida zongochitika zokha nthawi zonse zimayang'ana kuti ntchito iliyonse, pomaliza, komanso kusintha kwa data kumakwaniritsa zovuta zake.
4. Kutsimikizira Kuphatikiza: Pamene ma modules akusonkhanitsidwa, kutsimikizira kwapadera kumatsimikizira kuti mapangano pakati pa zigawo amalemekezedwa. Mawonekedwe a ma invoice module akuyenera kufanana ndi zomwe gawo lowerengera ndalama limayembekezera ngati zolowetsa.
5. Kuwunika Mwachidziwitso Chosalekeza: Pambuyo potumiza, oyang'anira nthawi yoyendetsera ntchito amatsimikizira kuti machitidwe opangira akupitilizabe kufananiza, kusokoneza chilengedwe, kusokonekera kwa data, ndi kulephera kwa kuphatikiza kwa chipani chachitatu munthawi yeniyeni.

Kuzungulira kwa magawo asanu uku kumatsimikizira kuti zolemba sizimatengedwa ngati "lembani kamodzi, iwalani kosatha". Ndi zinthu zamoyo, zopumira zomwe zimasinthika motsatira codebase ndipo zimakhala zolondola nthawi iliyonse.

Chifukwa Chake Kuyezetsa Kwachikale Pawekha Kumakhala Kwachidule

Kutsutsa kofala kwa VSDD ndi: "Timalemba kale mayeso - sikokwanira?" Yankho loona mtima ndi ayi, ndipo deta imathandizira izi. Kafukufuku wochokera ku gulu la Microsoft la Empirical Software Engineering adapeza kuti ngakhale mapulojekiti omwe ali ndi 80% + code coverage nthawi zonse amatumiza zolakwika zokhazikika pamipata yatsatanetsatane - nthawi zomwe mayeso adadutsa chifukwa adayesa cholakwika, osati chifukwa pulogalamuyo inali yolondola.

Mayeso anthawi zonse ndi zophatikiza zimatsimikizira machitidwe, koma amatha kungoyang'ana zochitika zomwe wopanga amayembekezera. Ngati wopanga mapulogalamu samvetsetsa lamulo labizinesi, amalemba zonse code ndi mayeso molakwika - ndipo zonse zidzadutsa. VSDD imaphwanya izi pokhazikitsa gawo lodziyimira palokha. Mafotokozedwewo adalembedwa ndi akatswiri amadera, osati oyambitsa omwe akulemba zomwe zichitike, ndikupanga kuwunika kwachilengedwe komwe kumapangitsa kuti pasakhale kusamvana msanga.

Kachilombo koopsa kwambiri pamakina aliwonse si omwe amawasokoneza - ndi omwe amatulutsa mwakachetechete zotsatira zolakwika pomwe mayeso aliwonse mu suite amadutsa zobiriwira. Verified Spec-Driven Development alipo ndendende kuti agwire kulephera kwa gululi, kuwonetsetsa kuti kulondola kumayesedwa motsutsana ndi zolinga zabizinesi, osati malingaliro a wopanga.

Ganizirani za injini yowerengetsera malipiro yomwe imayenera kuthana ndi mitengo ya nthawi yowonjezera m'madera 14 osiyanasiyana. Wopanga mapulogalamu atha kulemba mayeso okhudza magawo asanu omwe amawadziwa bwino, kusowa malire mwa ena asanu ndi anayi. Pansi pa VSDD, mafotokozedwewo angatchule momveka bwino malamulo onse 14, ndipo kutsimikizira kodzichitira kumawonetsa mphamvu iliyonse popanda kukhazikitsidwa kofanana - nambalayo isanafike QA.

Zochitika Zenizeni Zapadziko Lonse: Kuchokera Kumlengalenga kupita ku Mapulatifomu Amalonda

VSDD ili ndi mizu yake yanzeru m'mafakitale ofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito kutsimikizika ndi kutsimikizira kwazaka zambiri - makina oyenda okha a Mars Curiosity rover adamangidwa motsutsana ndi zomwe zidatsimikizika zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti galimotoyo sidzadzilamulira yokha m'malo osabwezeka. Airbus imagwiritsa ntchito njira zofananira pamakina ake owongolera ntchentche ndi waya, pomwe kusiyana kwake sikungokhala cholakwika - ndi tsoka lomwe lingathe kuchitika.

Koma ndondomekoyi ikufalikira mofulumira kupitirira mlengalenga ndi chitetezo. Makampani aukadaulo azachuma atengera mfundo za VSDD kuti atsimikizire kuti ma injini opangira ma transaction amagwirizana ndi zowongolera m'malo angapo nthawi imodzi. Mapulatifomu a zaumoyo amagwiritsa ntchito zitsimikiziro zatsatanetsatane kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zothandizira zisankho zachipatala sizimalimbikitsa kuyanjana kwamankhwala komwe kumaphwanya malangizo a FDA. Ndipo mochulukirachulukira, nsanja zamabizinesi zokhala ndi zida zambiri zolumikizidwa zikutembenukira ku VSDD kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta zamagawo apakati.

Ku Mewayz, komwe ma module a 207 - oyambira pa CRM, ma invoice, malipiro, HR, kasamalidwe ka zombo, kusanthula, ndi zina zambiri - ayenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi mosasunthika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito oposa 138,000, mfundo za VSDD zimadziwitsa mwachindunji machitidwe aumisiri a nsanja. Pamene kusintha kwa ndondomeko yowerengera misonkho ya ma invoice kutha kulowa mu malipiro, ma accounting, ndi analytics, zotsimikizika zimatsimikizira kuti kudalira kulikonse kumawerengedwa ndikutsimikiziridwa zombo zisanasinthe. Umu ndi momwe nsanja ingakulire mpaka mazana a ma module popanda zolephera zophatikizira zomwe zimavutitsa machitidwe abizinesi ovuta.

Kukhazikitsa VSDD Popanda Kuwiritsa Nyanja

Chimodzi mwamalingaliro olakwika okhudza VSDD ndikuti pamafunika kukonzanso kwathunthu ndi miyezi yokhazikitsidwa musanapereke mtengo. M'malo mwake, kutengera kopambana kwambiri kumayamba pang'ono ndikukulitsa pang'onopang'ono. Magulu omwe amayesa kutchula dongosolo lawo lonse tsiku loyamba atha. Magulu omwe amayamba ndi gawo lawo lomwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndikukulitsa zakunja amawona zobweza zambiri.

Nayi njira yabwino yolerera ana yomwe imagwira ntchito kumagulu amtundu uliwonse:

• Yambani ndi malire anu ophatikizira. Malo omwe ma modules kapena mautumiki amasinthanitsa deta ndi kumene mipata yatsatanetsatane imayambitsa zowonongeka kwambiri. Nenani kaye mapangano anu a API kaye — ziwembu zopempha/mayankhidwe, manambala a zolakwika, malire a mitengo, ndi zofunika kutsimikizira.
• Onjezani zosintha pamalingaliro anu abizinesi. Dziwani malamulo omwe akuyenera nthawi zonse kukhala owona — ndalama zamaakaunti siziyenera kukhala zoyipa, nthawi zopangana zisadutse, zolemba za ogwira ntchito ziyenera kukhala ndi ID yovomerezeka ya msonkho. Lembani izi ngati zotsimikizira.
• Chitsimikizo chokhazikika mu CI/CD. Phatikizani zotsimikizira mu mapaipi anu ophatikizika mosalekeza kuti pempho lililonse kolokerani liwunikidwe mogwirizana ndi zomwe mwatsimikiza musanaphatikize. Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu aziyankha mwachangu popanda kufuna kuti opanga asinthe kachitidwe kawo ka tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Pangani ma specs kuti agwirizane. Gwiritsani ntchito zida zomwe zimalola omwe si aukadaulo kuti awerenge ndikuthandizira kuzinthu zina. CFO ikatsimikizira kuti invoice ikugwirizana ndi malamulo aposachedwa amisonkho, ndiye kuti mwatseka kusiyana pakati pa zolinga zabizinesi ndi kukhazikitsa luso.

Mfungulo ndikutenga VSDD ngati gradient, osati binary. Ngakhale kutengera ana pang'ono - kutsimikizira malamulo anu ofunikira kwambiri abizinesi - kumatha kuthetsa zovuta zonse zopanga. Kampani ya SaaS yomwe idangotsimikizira zomwe ikunena zokhudzana ndi kulipira inanena kuti matikiti othandizira okhudzana ndi zolipiritsa adachepetsa ndi 73% mkati mwa kotala yoyamba yokhazikitsidwa.

Udindo wa AI pa Kutsimikizika Kwatsatanetsatane wa M'badwo Wotsatira

Kudutsana kwa VSDD ndi luntha lochita kupanga ndi komwe kuli tsogolo la njira. Zida zoyendetsedwa ndi AI zayamba kupanga magawo ovutirapo kwambiri a kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ya VSDD - kupanga zoyambira kuchokera ku ma codebase omwe alipo, kuzindikira mipata yatsatanetsatane posanthula zolemba zolakwitsa, komanso kuwonetsa kuwongolera kwatsatanetsatane kutengera machitidwe omwe amawonedwa.

Ziyankhulo zazikulu tsopano zitha kumasulira zofunikira zamabizinesi m'zilankhulo zachirengedwe kukhala zidziwitso zosanjidwa bwino, zotsimikizika ndi makina molondola kwambiri, kutsitsa zomwe zidapangitsa kuti njira zosavomerezeka zikhale zovuta kwa magulu othamanga. Woyang'anira malonda akalemba kuti "makasitomala pa pulani ya Enterprise alandire kuchotsera 15% voliyumu pamaoda opitilira $ 10,000," zida za AI zitha kutulutsa zofananira, milandu yoyeserera, ndi zitsimikizo - kutembenuza chiganizo kukhala mgwirizano wotsimikizika m'masekondi osati maola.

Mapulatifomu ngati Mewayz akugwiritsa ntchito makina a AI m'magawo awo onse kuti abweretse kulondola kumeneku pamabizinesi atsiku ndi tsiku. Bizinesi ikakonza kachitidwe kantchito - kulumikiza deta ya CRM ku malamulo olipira ndalama kuwerengera zolipira - kutsimikizira kothandizidwa ndi AI kumatha kusanthula unyolo wonse wamayendedwe ndi mbendera zosagwirizana zomveka zisanawonekere ngati zolakwika pazochitika zenizeni. Uku ndiye kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mfundo za VSDD pamlingo waukulu: kuwonetsetsa kuti malingaliro abizinesi ovuta, osinthidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito amakhalabe olondola pomwe akusintha.

Maganizo Atchulidwe-woyamba: Kusintha Kwachikhalidwe Koyenera Kupanga

Mwina gawo losayamikiridwa kwambiri la VSDD si luso - ndi chikhalidwe. Magulu omwe amatengera malingaliro-woyamba amafotokoza zakusintha komwe kumapitilira kuchepetsa chilema. Kulankhulana pakati pa akatswiri ndi omwe si amisiri amapita patsogolo chifukwa mafotokozedwe amapereka chinenero chogawana, chodziwika bwino. Nthawi yolowera imachepa chifukwa opanga atsopano amatha kuwerenga zowunikira kuti amvetsetse machitidwe adongosolo popanda kusinthiranso codebase. Ndipo zisankho zamamangidwe zimakhala zadala chifukwa mtengo wosinthira katchulidwe (ndi kufalitsa kusinthaku kudzera mukutsimikizira) umakakamiza magulu kuti aganizire mozama asanawonjezere zovuta.

Makampani opanga mapulogalamu atha zaka makumi ambiri akukhathamiritsa kuti atumize mwachangu. VSDD sikuchedwetsa kutumiza - imawongolera nthawi yomwe ikanathera kukonzanso, kukonza, ndikupepesa kwa makasitomala kuti amveke bwino zomwe zimalepheretsa kuti mavutowo asachitike. Kwa mabizinesi omwe akugwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri m'ma module ambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito masauzande ambiri, kusinthanitsa kumeneku sikungopindulitsa - ndikofunikira. Funso siliri ngati bungwe lanu lingakwanitse kutengera Verified Spec-Driven Development. Ndi ngati simungathe kutero.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi Verified Spec-Driven Development (VSDD) ndi chiyani?

VSDD ndi njira yomwe imachotsa kusamveka bwino pamapulojekiti apulogalamu pofuna kuti mawonekedwe aliwonse, malamulo abizinesi, ndi lingaliro lazomangamanga zijambulidwe mwatsatanetsatane wotsimikizika musanalembe code iliyonse. Mosiyana ndi njira zachikhalidwe zomwe zongoganiza zimayendetsa chitukuko, VSDD imawonetsetsa kulumikizana pakati pa okhudzidwa ndi omanga kudzera muzokhazikika, zoyesedwa - kuchepetsa kwambiri kulephera kwa 69% kwa projekiti yodziwika m'malipoti amakampani.

Nchifukwa chiyani mapulogalamu ambiri amalephera ngakhale magulu aluso?

Choyambitsa chachikulu si luso kapena bajeti - ndikusamvetsetseka. Magulu amapanga zinthu zomwe palibe amene wapempha, khodi ya sitimayo yotsutsana ndi malamulo amabizinesi, ndipo amatha miyezi yambiri akukonzanso machitidwe omwe amamangidwa pamalingaliro osatsimikizika. VSDD imayang'anira izi pofotokoza gwero limodzi la chowonadi, kuwonetsetsa kuti wokhudzidwa aliyense avomereza zomwe zikumangidwa chitukuko chisanayambe, kuletsa kusalongosoka kokwera mtengo komanso kusuntha kwa nthawi yonse ya ntchitoyo.

Kodi VSDD ikuyerekeza bwanji ndi njira za Agile kapena Waterfall?

Ngakhale Agile imagogomezera kaperekedwe kobwerezabwereza ndipo Mathithi amatsata magawo osasunthika, onse nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi mipata. VSDD imakwaniritsa zomangira izi powonjezera gawo lotsimikizira - zotsimikizika zimatsimikiziridwa motsutsana ndi zomwe bizinesi ikufuna musanalowe gawo lililonse lachitukuko. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kaya mumagwira ntchito mothamanga mothamanga kapena mwamagawo, ntchito iliyonse imachokera ku zofunikira zotsimikizika, zodziwika bwino zomwe okhudzidwa adavomereza.

Kodi VSDD ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kumagulu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nsanja ngati Mewayz?

Ndithu. Mapulatifomu ngati Mewayz, bizinesi ya ma module 207 kuyambira pa $19/mo, amayika kale ntchito, makina, ndi kasamalidwe ka polojekiti. Kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo za VSDD mkati mwa zida zotere kumatsimikizira kuti kayendedwe kalikonse ka ntchito, kaphatikizidwe, ndi makina okhazikika amamangidwa kuchokera kuzomwe zatsimikizidwa - kuchepetsa kukonzanso ndikuthandizira magulu kutumiza machitidwe odalirika mwachangu pamabizinesi awo onse.